Irreguler Verb by Berty Bellindha

Berikut ini adalah daftar irregular verb terlengkap beserta arti Bahasa Indonesia.

Infinitive (Verb 1)	Verb 2	Verb 3	Arti
A
abide	abided / abode	abided	tunduk
alight	alighted / alit	alighted / alit	turun
arise	arose	arisen	timbul
awake	awakened / awoke	awakened / awoken	bangun
B
backbite	backbit	backbitten	fitnah
backslide	backslid	backslidden / backslid	kembali mengerjakan kebiasaan lama yg tercela
be [ am, is, are]	was, were	been
bear	bore	born / borne	melahirkan
beat	beat	beaten / beat	mengalahkan
become	became	become	menjadi
befall	befell	befallen	menimpa
beget	begat / begot	begotten	memperanakkan
begin	began	begun	mulai
behold	beheld	beheld	melihat
bend	bent	bent	tikungan
bereave	bereaved / bereft	bereaved / bereft	kehilangan
beseech	besought / beseeched	besought / beseeched	mohon
beset	beset	beset	menimpa
bestrew	bestrewed	bestrewn / bestrewed	menabur
bet	bet / betted	bet / betted	bertaruh
betake	betook	betaken	berangkat
bethink	bethought	bethought	memikirkan
bid (farewell)	bid / bade	bidden	tawaran (perpisahan)
bid (offer amount)	bid	bid	tawaran (nilai tawaran)
bind	bound	bound	mengikat
bite	bit	bitten	menggigit
bleed	bled	bled	berdarah
blow	blew	blown	pukulan
break	broke	broken	istirahat
breed	bred	bred	berkembang biak
bring	brought	brought	membawa
broadcast	broadcast / broadcasted	broadcast / broadcasted	siaran
browbeat	browbeat	browbeaten / browbeat	menggertak
build	built	built	membangun
burn	burned / burnt	burned / burnt	membakar
burst	burst	burst	ledakan
bust	busted / bust	busted / bust	payudara
buy	bought	bought	membeli
C
cast	cast	cast	melemparkan
catch	caught	caught	menangkap
chide	chided / chid	chided / chidden	mencaci
choose	chose	chosen	memilih
clap	clapped / clapt	clapped / clapt	bertepuk tangan
cling	clung	clung	berpegang teguh
clothe	clothed / clad	clothed / clad	menyandangi
colorbreed	colorbred	colorbred	colorbreed
come	came	come	datang
cost	cost	cost	biaya
creep	crept	crept	merayap
crossbreed	crossbred	crossbred	blasteran
cut	cut	cut	memotong
D
dare	dared / durst	dared / durst	tantangan
daydream	daydreamed / daydreamt	daydreamed / daydreamt	lamunan
deal	dealt	dealt	berurusan
dig	dug	dug	menggali
dight	dighted / dight	dighted / dight	dight
disprove	disproved	disproved / disproven	membantah
dive (jump head-first)	dove / dived	dived	menyelam (melompat kepala lebih dulu)
dive (scuba diving)	dived / dove	dived	menyelam (scuba diving)
do	did	done	melakukan
draw	drew	drawn	menarik
dream	dreamed / dreamt	dreamed / dreamt	mimpi
drink	drank	drunk	minum
drive	drove	driven	menyetir
dwell	dwelt / dwelled	dwelt / dwelled	tinggal
E
eat	ate	eaten	makan
enwind	enwound	enwound	enwind
F
fall	fell	fallen	jatuh
feed	fed	fed	makan
feel	felt	felt	merasa
fight	fought	fought	berjuang
find	found	found	menemukan
fit (tailor, change size)	fitted / fit	fitted / fit	cocok (penjahit, ukuran perubahan)
fit (be right size)	fit / fitted	fit / fitted	cocok (bisa ukuran kanan)
flee	fled	fled	melarikan diri
fling	flung	flung	melemparkan
fly	flew	flown	terbang
forbear	forbore	forborne	menahan diri
forbid	forbade	forbidden	melarang
fordo	fordid	fordone	fordo
forecast	forecast	forecast	ramalan
forego (also forgo)	forewent	foregone	melepaskan (juga melupakan)
foreknow	foreknew	foreknown	mengetahui sebelumnya
forerun	foreran	forerun	forerun
foresee	foresaw	foreseen	meramalkan
foreshow	foreshowed	foreshown / foreshowed	foreshow
forespeak	forespoke	forespoken	forespeak
foretell	foretold	foretold	meramalkan
forget	forgot	forgotten / forgot	lupa
forgive	forgave	forgiven	mengampuni
forsake	forsook	forsaken	meninggalkan
forswear	forswore	forsworn	mengingkari
fraught	fraught	fraught	penuh
freeze	froze	frozen	membekukan
frostbite	frostbit	frostbitten	radang dingin
G
gainsay	gainsaid	gainsaid	membantah
get	got	gotten / got	mendapatkan
gild	gilded / gilt	gilded / gilt	menyepuh
give	gave	given	memberikan
go	went	gone	pergi
grind	ground	ground	menggiling
grow	grew	grown	tumbuh
H
hagride	hagrode	hagridden	hagride
halterbreak	halterbroke	halterbroken	halterbreak
hamstring	hamstrung	hamstrung	urat lutut
hand-feed	hand-fed	hand-fed	tangan-feed
handwrite	handwrote	handwritten	handwrite
hang	hung	hung	menggantung
hang (kill by hanging)	hanged / hung	hanged / hung	menggantung (membunuh dengan menggantung)
have	had	had	memiliki
hear	heard	heard	mendengar
heave	heaved / hove	heaved / hove	mengangkat
hew	hewed	hewn / hewed	menetak
hide	hid	hidden	menyembunyikan
hit	hit	hit	memukul
hold	held	held	memegang
hurt	hurt	hurt	sakit
I
inbreed	inbred	inbred	memperkawinkan yg sejenis atau sebangsa
inlay	inlaid	inlaid	tatahan
input	input / inputted	input / inputted	masukan
inset	inset	inset	sisipan
interbreed	interbred	interbred	mempersilangkan
intercut	intercut	intercut	intercut
interlay	interlaid	interlaid	interlay
interset	interset	interset	interset
interweave	interwove / interweaved	interwoven / interweaved	menjalinkan
interwind	interwound	interwound	interwind
inweave	inwove / inweaved	inwoven / inweaved	menjalin
J
jerry-build	jerry-built	jerry-built	serampangan-membangun
K
keep	kept	kept	menjaga
kneel	knelt / kneeled	knelt / kneeled	berlutut
knit	knitted / knit	knitted / knit	merajut
know	knew	known	tahu
L
lade	laded	laden / laded	memuati
landslide	landslid	landslid	tanah longsor
lay	laid	laid	awam
lead	led	led	memimpin
lean	leaned / leant	leaned / leant	kurus
leap	leaped / leapt	leaped / leapt	lompatan
learn	learned / learnt	learned / learnt	belajar
leave	left	left	meninggalkan
lend	lent	lent	meminjamkan
let	let	let	membiarkan
lie	lay	lain	berbohong
lie (not tell truth) REGULAR	lied	lied	kebohongan (tidak jujur) REGULER
light	lit / lighted	lit / lighted	cahaya
lip-read	lip-read	lip-read	bibir-baca
lose	lost	lost	kehilangan
M
make	made	made	membuat
mean	meant	meant	berarti
meet	met	met	memenuhi
misbecome	misbecame	misbecome	bertindak tdk pantas
miscast	miscast	miscast	salah pilih
miscut	miscut	miscut	miscut
misdeal	misdealt	misdealt	berlaku salah
misdo	misdid	misdone	misdo
mishear	misheard	misheard	salah mendengar
mishit	mishit	mishit	meleset
mislay	mislaid	mislaid	salah meletakkan
mislead	misled	misled	menyesatkan
mislearn	mislearned / mislearnt	mislearned / mislearnt	mislearn
misread	misread	misread	salah membaca
missay	missaid	missaid	missay
missend	missent	missent	missend
misset	misset	misset	misset
misspeak	misspoke	misspoken	salah bicara
misspell	misspelled / misspelt	misspelled / misspelt	misspell
misspend	misspent	misspent	memboros
misswear	misswore	missworn	misswear
mistake	mistook	mistaken	kesalahan
misteach	mistaught	mistaught	misteach
mistell	mistold	mistold	mistell
misthink	misthought	misthought	misthink
misunderstand	misunderstood	misunderstood	salah paham
miswear	miswore	misworn	miswear
miswed	miswed / miswedded	miswed / miswedded	miswed
miswrite	miswrote	miswritten	miswrite
mow	mowed	mowed / mown	memotong rumput
N
Tidak ada irregular verb yang dimulai dengan “N.”
O
offset	offset	offset	mengimbangi
outbid	outbid	outbid	mengalahkan dlm menawar
outbreed	outbred	outbred	outbreed
outdo	outdid	outdone	mengalahkan
outdraw	outdrew	outdrawn	menarik lebih banyak orang
outdrink	outdrank	outdrunk	outdrink
outdrive	outdrove	outdriven	outdrive
outfight	outfought	outfought	outfight
outfly	outflew	outflown	outfly
outgrow	outgrew	outgrown	mengatasi
outlay	outlaid	outlaid	pengeluaran
outleap	outleaped / outleapt	outleaped / outleapt	outleap
outlie (not tell truth) REGULAR	outlied	outlied	outlie (tidak mengatakan yang sebenarnya) REGULER
output	output / outputted	output / outputted	keluaran
outride	outrode	outridden	mendahului
outrun	outran	outrun	berlari lebih cepat
outsee	outsaw	outseen	outsee
outsell	outsold	outsold	menjual lebih banyak dr
outshine	outshined / outshone	outshined / outshone	lebih cemerlang dr
outshoot	outshot	outshot	outshoot
outsing	outsang	outsung	outsing
outsit	outsat	outsat	tinggal lebih lama dr
outsleep	outslept	outslept	outsleep
outsmell	outsmelled / outsmelt	outsmelled / outsmelt	outsmell
outspeak	outspoke	outspoken	mengucapkan
outspeed	outsped	outsped	outspeed
outspend	outspent	outspent	outspend
outspin	outspun	outspun	outspin
outspring	outsprang / outsprung	outsprung	outspring
outstand	outstood	outstood	outstand
outswear	outswore	outsworn	outswear
outswim	outswam	outswum	outswim
outtell	outtold	outtold	outtell
outthink	outthought	outthought	outthink
outthrow	outthrew	outthrown	outthrow
outwear	outwore	outworn	lebih tahan dr
outwind	outwound	outwound	outwind
outwrite	outwrote	outwritten	outwrite
overbear	overbore	overborne / overborn	menindih
overbid	overbid	overbid	overbid
overbreed	overbred	overbred	overbreed
overbuild	overbuilt	overbuilt	membangun tambahan
overbuy	overbought	overbought	overbuy
overcast	overcast	overcast	mendung
overcome	overcame	overcome	mengatasi
overcut	overcut	overcut	overcut
overdo	overdid	overdone	melebih-lebihkan
overdraw	overdrew	overdrawn	berlebih-lebihan melukiskan peranan
overdrink	overdrank	overdrunk	minum lebih dr
overeat	overate	overeaten	makan terlalu banyak
overfeed	overfed	overfed	meloloh
overhang	overhung	overhung	menganjur
overhear	overheard	overheard	menguping
overlay	overlaid	overlaid	overlay
overleap	overleaped / overleapt	overleaped / overleapt	berlompat-lompat melalui
overlie	overlay	overlain	berbaring di atas
overpay	overpaid	overpaid	membayar lebih banyak dr yg semestinya
override	overrode	overridden	mengesampingkan
overrun	overran	overrun	membanjiri
oversee	oversaw	overseen	mengawasi
oversell	oversold	oversold	terlalu banyak menjual
overset	overset	overset	membingungkan
oversew	oversewed	oversewn / oversewed	oversew
overshoot	overshot	overshot	melampaui
oversleep	overslept	overslept	kesiangan
oversow	oversowed	oversown / oversowed	oversow
overspeak	overspoke	overspoken	overspeak
overspend	overspent	overspent	menyebar uang
overspill	overspilled / overspilt	overspilled / overspilt	sesuatu yg dicurahkan
overspin	overspun	overspun	overspin
overspread	overspread	overspread	menyebarkan
overspring	oversprang / oversprung /	oversprung	overspring
overstand	overstood	overstood	overstand
overstrew	overstrewed	overstrewn / overstrewed	overstrew
overstride	overstrode	overstridden	overstride
overstrike	overstruck	overstruck	overstrike
overtake	overtook	overtaken	menyusul
overthink	overthought	overthought	overthink
overthrow	overthrew	overthrown	menggulingkan
overwear	overwore	overworn	overwear
overwind	overwound	overwound	overwind
overwrite	overwrote	overwritten	menimpa
P
partake	partook	partaken	mengambil bagian
pay	paid	paid	membayar
plead	pleaded / pled	pleaded / pled	mengaku
prebuild	prebuilt	prebuilt	prebuild
predo	predid	predone	predo
premake	premade	premade	premake
prepay	prepaid	prepaid	prabayar
presell	presold	presold	presell
preset	preset	preset	preset
preshrink	preshrank	preshrunk	preshrink
presplit	presplit	presplit	presplit
proofread	proofread	proofread	mengkoreksi cetakan percobaan
prove	proved	proven / proved	membuktikan
put	put	put	menaruh
Q
quick-freeze	quick-froze	quick-frozen	membekukan cepat-cepat
quit	quit / quitted	quit / quitted	berhenti
R
read	read (sounds like “red”)	read (sounds like “red”)	membaca
reawake	reawoke	reawaken	reawake
rebid	rebid	rebid	rebid
rebind	rebound	rebound	rebind
rebroadcast	rebroadcast / rebroadcasted	rebroadcast / rebroadcasted	rebroadcast
rebuild	rebuilt	rebuilt	membangun kembali
recast	recast	recast	merombak
recut	recut	recut	recut
redeal	redealt	redealt	redeal
redo	redid	redone	redo
redraw	redrew	redrawn	redraw
reeve	reeved / rove	reeved / rove	Reeve
refit (replace parts)	refit / refitted	refit / refitted	mereparasi (mengganti bagian)
refit (retailor)	refitted / refit	refitted / refit	mereparasi (retailor)
regrind	reground	reground	regrind
regrow	regrew	regrown	tumbuh kembali
rehang	rehung	rehung	rehang
rehear	reheard	reheard	rehear
reknit	reknitted / reknit	reknitted / reknit	reknit
relay (for example tiles)	relaid	relaid	relay (misalnya keramik)
relay (pass along) REGULAR	relayed	relayed	relay (berjalan terus) REGULER
relearn	relearned / relearnt	relearned / relearnt	belajar kembali
relight	relit / relighted	relit / relighted	bernyala lagi
remake	remade	remade	remake
rend	rent / rended	rent / rended	membelah
repay	repaid	repaid	membayar kembali
reread	reread	reread	membaca kembali
rerun	reran	rerun	memutarkan lagi
resell	resold	resold	menjual kembali
resend	resent	resent	mengirim ulang
reset	reset	reset	reset
resew	resewed	resewn / resewed	resew
retake	retook	retaken	merebut kembali
reteach	retaught	retaught	reteach
retear	retore	retorn	retear
retell	retold	retold	menyadur
rethink	rethought	rethought	memikirkan kembali
retread	retread	retread	mempulkanisir
retrofit	retrofitted / retrofit	retrofitted / retrofit	retrofit
rewake	rewoke / rewaked	rewaken / rewaked	rewake
rewear	rewore	reworn	rewear
reweave	rewove / reweaved	rewoven / reweaved	reweave
rewed	rewed / rewedded	rewed / rewedded	rewed
rewet	rewet / rewetted	rewet / rewetted	rewet
rewin	rewon	rewon	rewin
rewind	rewound	rewound	mundur
rewrite	rewrote	rewritten	menulis kembali
rid	rid	rid	membebaskan
ride	rode	ridden	naik
ring	rang	rung	cincin
rise	rose	risen	naik
rive	rived	riven / rived	membelah
roughcast	roughcast	roughcast	yg dibuat secara kasar
run	ran	run	menjalankan
S
sand-cast	sand-cast	sand-cast	pasir-cor
saw	sawed	sawed / sawn	melihat
say	said	said	mengatakan
see	saw	seen	melihat
seek	sought	sought	mencari
self-feed	self-fed	self-fed	diri feed
self-sow	self-sowed	self-sown / self-sowed	menabur diri
sell	sold	sold	menjual
send	sent	sent	mengirim
set	set	set	mengatur
sew	sewed	sewn / sewed	menjahit
shake	shook	shaken	gemetar
shave	shaved	shaved / shaven	mencukur
shear	sheared	sheared / shorn	geser
shed	shed	shed	gudang
shine	shined / shone	shined / shone	bersinar
shit	shit / shat / shitted	shit / shat / shitted	omong kosong
shoe	shoed / shod	shoed / shod	sepatu
shoot	shot	shot	menembak
show	showed	shown / showed	pertunjukan
shrink	shrank / shrunk	shrunk	menyusut
shrive	shrived / shrove	shriven	mendengarkan pengakuan dosa dan mengampuni
shut	shut	shut	menutup
sight-read	sight-read	sight-read	melihat-membaca
sing	sang	sung	menyanyi
sink	sank / sunk	sunk	wastafel
sit	sat	sat	duduk
skywrite	skywrote	skywritten	skywrite
slay (kill)	slew / slayed	slain / slayed	membunuh (membunuh)
slay (amuse) REGULAR	slayed	slayed	membunuh (menghibur) REGULER
sleep	slept	slept	tidur
slide	slid	slid	meluncur
sling	slung	slung	ambin
slink	slinked / slunk	slinked / slunk	mengendap-endap
slit	slit	slit	celah
smell	smelled / smelt	smelled / smelt	bau
smite	smote	smitten / smote	memukul
sneak	sneaked / snuck	sneaked / snuck	menyelinap
sow	sowed	sown / sowed	menabur
speak	spoke	spoken	berbicara
speed	sped / speeded	sped / speeded	kecepatan
spell	spelled / spelt	spelled / spelt	mengeja
spend	spent	spent	menghabiskan
spill	spilled / spilt	spilled / spilt	tumpahan
spin	spun	spun	berputar
spit	spit / spat	spit / spat	meludah
split	split	split	berpisah
spoil	spoiled / spoilt	spoiled / spoilt	memanjakan
spoon-feed	spoon-fed	spoon-fed	menyuap
spread	spread	spread	menyebar
spring	sprang / sprung	sprung	musim semi
stall-feed	stall-fed	stall-fed	warung-feed
stand	stood	stood	berdiri
stave	staved / stove	staved / stove	juluan
steal	stole	stolen	mencuri
stick	stuck	stuck	tongkat
sting	stung	stung	sengat
stink	stunk / stank	stunk	bau
strew	strewed	strewn / strewed	menaburi
stride	strode	stridden	langkah
strike (delete)	struck	stricken	mogok (menghapus)
strike (hit)	struck	struck / stricken	strike (hit)
string	strung	strung	tali
strip	stripped / stript	stripped / stript	strip
strive	strove / strived	striven / strived	berusaha keras
sublet	sublet	sublet	menyewakan lagi
sunburn	sunburned / sunburnt	sunburned / sunburnt	berjemur
swear	swore	sworn	bersumpah
sweat	sweat / sweated	sweat / sweated	keringat
sweep	swept	swept	menyapu
swell	swelled	swollen / swelled	membengkak
swim	swam	swum	berenang
swing	swung	swung	ayunan
T
take	took	taken	mengambil
teach	taught	taught	mengajar
tear	tore	torn	air mata
telecast	telecast	telecast	siaran televisi
tell	told	told	menceritakan
test-drive	test-drove	test-driven	menjalankan sbg percobaan
test-fly	test-flew	test-flown	uji-terbang
think	thought	thought	berpikir
thrive	thrived / throve	thrived / thriven	berkembang
throw	threw	thrown	melemparkan
thrust	thrust	thrust	dorongan
tread	trod	trodden / trod	tapak
troubleshoot	troubleshot	troubleshot	memecahkan
typecast	typecast	typecast	menetapkan sbg pemain peranan dr tipe tertentu
typeset	typeset	typeset	mengeset
typewrite	typewrote	typewritten	mengetik
U
unbear	unbore	unborn / unborne	unbear
unbend	unbent	unbent	meluruskan
unbind	unbound	unbound	memperlonggar
unbuild	unbuilt	unbuilt	unbuild
unclothe	unclothed / unclad	unclothed / unclad	unclothe
underbid	underbid	underbid	menawarkan harga yd lebih rendah
underbuy	underbought	underbought	underbuy
undercut	undercut	undercut	menjual dgn harga yg lebih rendah
underfeed	underfed	underfed	kurang memberi makanan
undergo	underwent	undergone	mengalami
underlay	underlaid	underlaid	mendasari
underlet	underlet	underlet	underlet
underlie	underlay	underlain	mendasari
underrun	underran	underrun	underrun
undersell	undersold	undersold	menjual dgn harga yg lebih rendah
undershoot	undershot	undershot	menembak terlalu rendah dr
underspend	underspent	underspent	underspend
understand	understood	understood	memahami
undertake	undertook	undertaken	melakukan
underthrust	underthrust	underthrust	underthrust
underwrite	underwrote	underwritten	menanggung
undo	undid	undone	membuka
undraw	undrew	undrawn	undraw
unfreeze	unfroze	unfrozen	mencairkan
unhang	unhung	unhung	unhang
unhide	unhid	unhidden	Jangan sembunyikan
unhold	unheld	unheld	unhold
unknit	unknitted / unknit	unknitted / unknit	unknit
unlade	unladed	unladen / unladed	memperturunkan
unlay	unlaid	unlaid	unlay
unlead REGULAR	unleaded	unleaded	unlead REGULER
unlearn	unlearned / unlearnt	unlearned / unlearnt	belajar meninggalkan
unmake	unmade	unmade	unmake
unreeve	unreeved / unrove	unreeved / unrove	unreeve
unsay	unsaid	unsaid	unsay
unsew	unsewed	unsewn / unsewed	unsew
unsling	unslung	unslung	unsling
unspin	unspun	unspun	unspin
unstick	unstuck	unstuck	unstick
unstring	unstrung	unstrung	unstring
unswear	unswore	unsworn	unswear
unteach	untaught	untaught	unteach
unthink	unthought	unthought	unthink
unweave	unwove / unweaved	unwoven / unweaved	unweave
unwind	unwound	unwound	beristirahat
unwrite	unwrote	unwritten	unwrite
uphold	upheld	upheld	menegakkan
upset	upset	upset	bingung
V
vex	vexed / vext	vexed / vext	menyakitkan hati
W
wake	woke / waked	woken / waked	bangun
waylay	waylaid	waylaid	mencegat
wear	wore	worn	memakai
weave	wove / weaved	woven / weaved	menenun
wed	wed / wedded	wed / wedded	mengawinkan
weep	wept	wept	menangis
wet	wet / wetted	wet / wetted	basah
whet REGULAR	whetted	whetted	mengasah REGULER
win	won	won	menang
wind	wound	wound	angin
withdraw	withdrew	withdrawn	menarik
withhold	withheld	withheld	menahan
withstand	withstood	withstood	menahan
wring	wrung	wrung	memeras
write	wrote	written	menulis

Kumpulan Soal Simple Present tense by Berty Bellindha

Fill in the blanks with the correct form of words given:



1. I __________ (read) a very interesting book now.

2. Joanne __________ (work) eight hours a day.

3. Tonight we __________ (see) a play at the thereatre.

4. Who __________ you __________ (speak) to just now?

5. I __________ (not know) him very well.

6. What will you do if she __________ (come) late?

7. My wife __________ (like) coffee for breakfast.

8. What __________ Tom usually __________(have) for breakfast?

9. Your train __________ (leave) at 17.25 from platform 3.

10. What __________ Mary __________ (do) ? She's a student.

11. My whole family _____________(go) to church once a week.

12. My wife and I _______________(go) to the beach in the summer.

13. Listen! The phone ______________(ring) in the other room.

14. Rain seldom ______________(fall) in the Sahara.

15. He is thirteen years old now, and his voice ___________________(change).

16. Let's change the conversation. It _______________(get) too serious.

17. Leap year ________________(come) every four years.

18. My grandfather ______________(grow) tomatoes in his garden this summer.

19. He ______________(grow) them every summer .

20. The children ____________________(leave) for school right now.

21. The children ________________(leave) at 8:30 every morning of the week.

22. Shu! The baby ____________________(take) her nap.

23. In the north the season __________________(change) four times a year .

24. Unfortunately, the patient ____________________ (die).

25. The monsoon ___________________(come) once or twice a year.

26. It's spring and the days ___________________(get) longer.

27. The weather ___________(get) very cold in Moscow in the winter.

28. It _______________(rain) hard, and I don't have an umbrella.

29. It's November and the birds _________________(fly) south.
30. Many birds of Europe ___________(fly) south to Africa every winter.

Video Bahasa Inggris by Berty Bellindha

Direct and indirect speech by Nur Wahidah

Peraturan I

Kalau reporting verb itu past tense, bentuk waktu kata kerja dalam reported speech itu harus diubah ke dalam salah satu dari empat bentuk past tense.

Direct Speech – Indirect Speech

Simple present – menjadi – Simple past

He said ” The woman comes “ He said that the woman came

Dari contoh di atas dapat disimpulkan perubahan untuk bentuk waktu dari reported speech sebagai berikut :

Direct Speech Simple present Present continuous Present perfect Present perfect continuous Simple past Past continuous Future Present

Indirect Speech Simple past Past continuous Past perfect Past perfect continuous Past perfect Past perfect continuous Past Past

Direct Speech – Indirect Speech

He said, “The sun rises in the east” – He said that the sun rises in the east

Dalam reported speech, bila present tense diubah ke dalam past tense dengan peraturan I, kata sifat, kata kerja atau kata keterangan umumnya diubah:

Direct Speech this = ini these = ini come = datang here = di sini, ke sini hence = dari sini hither = ke tempat ini ago = yang lalu now = sekarang today = hari ini tomorrow = besok yesterday = kemarin last night = tadi malam next week = minggu depan thus = begini contoh : He said, “I will come here”. Peraturan II 1) Bila reported speech kalimat berita Dengan peraturan ini reporting verb dianggap dalam present atau future tense tertentu dan kapan saja ini terjadi, bentuk waktu dari kata kerja dalam reported speech tidak diubah sama sekali dalam mengubah direct menjadi indirect speech. Reporting verb – Reported speech Present tense – Any tense (bentuk waktu apapun) Direct : She says to her friend, ” I have been writing “. Indirect : She says to her friend that he has been writing. (tidak berubah) Direct : She has told you, ” I am reading “. Indirect : She has told you that he is reading. (tidak berubah) Direct : She will say, ” You have done wrongly “. Indirect : She will tell you that you have done wrongly. (tidak berubah) Direct : She will say,” The boy wasn’t lazy “. Indirect : She will tell them that the boy wasn’t lazy. (tidak berubah) 2) Bila reported speech merupakan kalimat tanya a) Reporting verb say atau tell diubah menjadi ask atau inquire. Dengan mengulangi kata tanya dan mengubah tenses jika pertanyaannya dimulai dengan kata tanya diberitakan. Direct He said to me, “Where are you going?” He said to me, “What are you doing?” Indirect He asked me where I was going He inquired of me what I was doing b) Dengan menggunakan if atau whether sebagai penghubung antara reporting verb dan reported speech dan mengubah tenses, jika pertanyaannya dimulai dengan kata kerja diberitakan : Direct He said to me, “Are you going away today?” He asked me , “can you come along?” Indirect He asked me whether I was going away that day. He asked me if I could come along. 3) Kalimat perintah (imperative sentences) Bila reported speech merupakan kalimat perintah, reporting verb say atau tell harus diubah menjadi kata kerja tertentu yang menandakan : · command (perintah), misalnya ordered, commanded, dsb yang berarti menyuruh, memerintahkan. · precept (petunjuk, bimbingan, didikan), misalnya advised yang berarti menasehati. · request (permohonan), misalnya asked yang berarti meminta, memohon. · entreaty (permohonan yang sangat mendesak), misalnya begged yang berarti meminta, memohon (dengan sangat). · prohibition (larangan), misalnya forbade yang berarti melarang. Dalam perubahannya dari kalimat langsung menjadi kalimat tidak langsung, modus imperatif harus diganti dengan infinitif. Tegasnya, reported verb (kata kerja yang diberitakan atau kata kerja dalam reported speech) harus diubah menjadi infinitive with to. a) Command : Direct: He said to his servant, “Go away at once!” Indirect:He ordered his servant to go away at once b) Precept : Direct: She said to her son, “Study hard!” Indirect: He advised her son to study hard c) Request : Direct: He said to his friend, “Please lend me your pen!” Indirect: He asked his friend to be kind enough to lend him his pencil d) Entreaty : Direct: He said to his master, “Pardon me, sir” Indirect: He begged his master to pardon him. e) Prohibition : Direct: She said to her daughter, “Don’t go there” Indirect: She forbade her daughter to go there Kalau reporting verb say atau tell diubah menjadi reported verb ask, order, command dsb (tapi jika bukan forbid), predikatnya diubah ke dalam infinitive with to yang didahului oleh not atau no + infinitive with to. Direct: She said to her daughter, “Don’t go there” Indirect: She asked herdaughter not to go there. 4) Kalimat seru (exclamatory sentences) Bilamana reported speech terdiri dari kalimat seru atau kalimat optatif, reporting verb say atau tell harus diubah menjadi kata kerja tertentu yang semacam itu seperti exclaim, cry out, pray dsb. a) Exclamatory sentences Direct: He said, “Hurrah! My old friend has come” Indirect: He exclaimed with joy that his old friend had come. b) Optative sentences (kalimat yang menyatakan harapan, pujian, dsb) Direct: He said, “God bless you, my dear son “ Indirect: He prayed that God would bless his dear son

Indirect Speech that = itu those = itu go = pergi there = di sana, ke sana thence = dari sana thither = ke tempat itu before = lebih dahulu then = pada waktu itu that day = hari itu next day = hari berikutnya the previous day = sehari sebelumnya the previous night = semalam sebelumnya the following week = minggu berikutnya so = begitu He said that he would go there